Modelagem hidrológica com SWMM para análise da eficiência de sistemas sustentáveis de drenagem urbana

Abstract

The increasing waterproofing of urban centers has intensified the occurrence of flooding, requiring more sustainable solutions for stormwater management. This research aligns with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 6, 11, and 13 by promoting sustainable, resilient, and climate-adapted solutions for the urban environment. It aims to evaluate the hydraulic and hydrological performance of sustainable drainage techniques, specifically rain gardens and permeable pavements, applied individually and in combination, in an urban development planned for Boa Vista–RR, through modeling in SWMM considering different precipitation scenarios and parameters identified in the literature. Initially, topographic, planimetric, hydrological, and pedological data was collected to support the design of the conventional drainage system for the subdivision and its modeling in the software. At the same time, the same system was modeled with the insertion of LID systems, consisting of rain gardens occupying 5% of the area of each lot and permeable pavement areas on the sidewalks. Precipitation modeling consisted of two scenarios, using design rainfall and observed rainfall for comparison purposes. Hydrodynamic modeling and subsequent comparison of the results generated for the different scenarios allowed us to verify a reduction in peak flow and runoff volume for the combined LID systems of 26.19% and 52.37%, respectively. Thus, a flow reduction indicator per area controlled by LID of 94.83 l/s.ha was determined. Due to the application of LIDs, the cost of the project increased by 38.98%, however, the cost/efficiency parameter of the system was R$ 897.53/m³ of reduced runoff volume. The results highlight the benefits of adopting LID systems, contributing to the mitigation of the hydrological impacts of urbanization.