Análise geossistêmica para o planejamento territorial: bacia hidrográfica do Rio Cauamé-RR

Abstract

The rapid growth of the global population represents a significant challenge for our planet. This demographic expansion, which translates into an incessant increase in the demand for resources, is generating a profound impact on natural landscapes, truly concerning for the future and environmental conservation of the planet. Societies in general, in the search for new spaces for development and the exploitation of new areas for colonization, with the indiscriminate use of natural resources (vegetation, soils, water, fauna, minerals, etc.), without clear strategies for proper use and management, are causing accelerated degradation and in some cases, the loss of these resources. The accelerate processes such as desertification, environmental warming, deforestation, pollution, and loss of biodiversity, among others, are causing serious problems for the future, not only for local populations but also on a global scale, with humans being the cause of all this. For these reasons, the proper use and management of all landscape units is important, and it is one of the concerns of governments and environmental scientists around the world. Sustainable development is the main objective of the United Nations (UN), framed within 17 priority goals, where the preservation and conservation of the environment is essential to achieve the targets in the coming years. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to conduct a geosystemic analysis for territorial planning in the Cauamé River Watershed, State of Roraima, Brazil, as the unit of analysis, at a semi-detailed scale, for the purposes of preservation and appropriate use of its natural resources. Formulating, as a hypothesis, whether the degradation of natural resources in the watershed is determined by changes in land use and economic activities, in contradiction to its geoecological fragilities and potentialities. In this work, the epistemological conception of geosystem theory and the GTP model were used. (Geosystem-Territory-Landscape). As a methodological proposal, four stages were made, each with specific procedures, applying techniques of Geoprocessing, Field Surveying, and Statistics. Starting with the spatial-temporal analysis of the landscape over a period of 32 years. Next, with the analysis of the physical-biotic spatial elements that make up this landscape, from the perspective of Geoecology, with its horizontal and vertical integration, we aim to define the geosystemic units that characterize it. Continuing with the socio-environmental diagnosis, applying the landscape naturalness index (Hemeroby Index), defining areas according to the degree of anthropogenic intervention that require specific territorial planning strategies. Finally, a cartographic model was created as a technical-academic proposal, reflecting the potential land uses based on their characteristics, potentialities, and geo ecological vulnerabilities, with strategies for the sustainable use of natural resources. This enables scientific institutions, public and private organizations to manage socio-economic activities and preservation efforts within the watershed, contributing in some way to achieving the sustainable development goals in this territorial unit.