Destinação final dos resíduos sólidos no Projeto de Assentamento Nova Amazônia, Boa Vista - Roraima, Brasil 2013-2023

Abstract

The generation of solid waste intertwines with population growth, income generation, production, and consumption, constituting a problem of social and environmental significance. In this context, the general objective of the study was to analyze the final disposal methods of household solid waste, as well as the environmental implications, in the Nova Amazônia Settlement Project (PANA), in Boa Vista/Roraima from 2013-2023. The theoretical framework and concepts used to analyze the results stemmed from the environmental perception of settled families, combined with the National Solid Waste Policy - Law No. 12,305, dated August 2, 2010. The research design was presented through a case study based on Yin, articulated with the epistemological theoretical approach of Morin's complexity dialectics. A qualitative-quantitative methodological analysis was employed, with an exploratory, descriptive, and explanatory character. Data collection procedures included literature review, documentary research, and on-site observation. Interviews with forms were conducted to identify the final disposal methods of solid waste and the issues arising from this practice. The results reveal that in countries like China and Germany, there is effective inclusion of rural areas in waste management, while in Canada, South Africa, Mozambique, and Brazil, inclusion is still incipient. This is due to factors such as economic conditions, population density, and the fragility of public policies. It is concluded that the prioritization of effective waste management strategies in rural areas is necessary, especially in the Brazilian context, where inadequate waste management in rural areas is evident despite robust legislation. Analyzing the Nova Amazônia settlement reveals a complex relationship between environmental knowledge and sustainable practices, with a focus on waste burning, highlighting the need for educational interventions. The quantitative analysis of household waste in Poles 1 and 4 revealed seasonal and behavioral variations. In Pole 1, from October to December, the monthly quantities were 26.61 kg, with daily per capita averages for different materials. In Pole 4, the monthly totals were 45.98 kg. The analysis provided insights for effective strategies for sustainable management.