Estratégias de revitalização, preservação e conservação para o Rio Cauamé na área urbana de Boa Vista-Roraima

Abstract

Bodies of water present in urban areas are important providers of ecosystem services, however, they are the ones that most face problems such as the impairment of their biota and natural functions, because of predatory and unplanned urbanization processes. During the last two decades, the city of Boa Vista - RR has experienced a large population growth, changing the urban fabric in a disorderly way, where the fluvial environment of the Cauamé River was and still is the target of the increasing advance of legal and illegal occupations, receiving interventions from direct and indirect ways that do not benefit the preservation of the ecosystem. The environmental risk situations in this area are directly linked to the location of the area where urban expansion occurs, and the main environmental problems relate to irregular land occupation, real estate speculation, environmental degradation caused by the removal of riparian forest and domestic pollution by account of the lack of sanitation in some neighborhoods and illegal occupations. Such problems interfere with water quality and consequently the local ecosystem and the quality of life of the city's population. Given these facts, it was necessary to evaluate the possibilities of revitalization, preservation and conservation of the river environment of the Cauamé river region, which is inserted within the urban perimeter of the city, adopting approaches that consider the local ecosystem, the natural geometry of the river with its roughness, depressions and sills, and the reintroduction of native vegetation, in addition to establishing the main techniques that can be used in the revitalization process and determining the main factors of human interference that lead to the loss of the environmental characteristics of water bodies. To achieve the proposed objectives, we sought to highlight the problem based on the exploratory research method of a qualitative nature. Starting from a bibliographic review composed of the definitions and concepts of the themes of greater relevance for the study and later, the cartographic survey was started, presenting the delimitation of the proposed study area and characterization of the type of vegetation present, land use and area of flooding because it is a riverside region, to investigate possible areas of vulnerability. With cartographic data in hand, we sought to certify the information obtained through the field survey through observation and photographic records, in addition to verifying existing anthropic processes such as: pollution by solid waste and domestic effluents, removal of native vegetation, increase in erosion and surface runoff. As a result of this study, there is a technical preservation and revitalization project for the area with the proposal to bring the balance between the urban area and the environment and regulate the unbridled expansion in the bordering areas of the river, guaranteeing the conservation of water quality, ecosystem services and riparian forest, mitigating the effects of habitat fragmentation and improving the quality of life of the region's population.