Distribuição das unidades básicas de saúde em Boa Vista (RR, 2019): análise espacial e perspectivas para o planejamento urbano

Abstract

This study addresses the theme of Health Geography and Urban Planning with the Basic Health Units (UBS) as the object of study. The first deals with accessibility to health care and the distribution of health care providers by providing a spatial understanding of the health of a population, the distribution of diseases in an area, and the environmental effects on health and disease. The second comprises the study of the growth and functioning of cities aiming to correct problems arising from urban expansion spontaneously and without planning. It seeks to control and regulate the development of cities, contributing to sustainability, mobility and quality of life, as well as environmental concerns, zoning, urban areas, and infrastructure. In this sense, the research starts from a survey and evaluation of the UBS distribution in relation to the demographic distribution, identifying unattended territories, in order to guide the implementation of new units located on the urban perimeter of Boa Vista Roraima. The research has the general objective of evaluating the distribution of UBS's in the urban perimeter of Boa Vista, in the period of July 2019, identifying the territories with the greatest demand for the implantation of new units according to demographic criteria and medical assistance. Thus, the study establishes an analysis of the role of health geography, the historical process of the Unified Health System, the creation of the Family Health Program, and the quality of care in public health through the UBS. It also analyzes the quality of the Health Programs in Boa Vista, highlighting the main obstacles (problems) encountered in providing services offered by the Unified Health System in Boa Vista in Health Programs such as PSF's and UBS. The methodology applied in the research is based on the perspective of geographic, descriptive, analytical and propositional research, based on quantitative data. Geographic research was used to understand the spatial dynamics of diseases and the spatial distribution of phenomena that contribute to planning and organizing geographic space. The descriptive research served to describe the role of health geography and its relationship with urban planning in the distribution of diseases and services in the urban space. The analytical and purposeful research made it possible to analyze the profile of care and services offered by the Health Programs, as well as the quality of PSF's and UBS in the city of Boa Vista based on 2010 data understood as the most up-to-date. Thus, the socioeconomic, cultural, epidemiological and age demands and conditions were estimated, all in order to directly study the ideal location for each implantation. The use of census tracts, as a spatial unit of analysis in the development of the model under study, has the advantage of representing the most disaggregated level of population and socioeconomic data collected in a systematic, periodic and standardized manner covering the entire city of Boa Vista. This type of analysis, by identifying pockets of deficiency and the occurrence of diseases in micro areas simultaneously and interactively, allows the implementation of selective and specific control actions, whether urban, or endemic to improve the quality of services offered by UBS.