Epidemia por HIV/AIDS em Roraima (Brasil) e em Honduras (2005-2015) : uma análise espacial e comparativa

Abstract

This dissertation consists of a spatial and comparative analysis of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the State of Roraima (Brazil) and in Honduras against the Social Determinants of Health (SDH). The study analyzed the distribution of mortality and prevalence of HIV/AIDS in the municipalities/departments of both regions from 2005 to 2015, outlining their demographic profile, describing the distribution of social determinants (environmental and socioeconomic) associated with HIV/AIDS, and public policies aimed at the treatment and protection of people living with HIV, and also discussing the inflection in reporting new cases in Honduras from 1993 onwards, due to the cataclysm caused by Hurricane Mitch in 1998. This research represents a quantitative, descriptive and comparative study based on secondary data obtained from Brazilian and Honduran online information systems. In order to respond to the proposed objectives, a bibliographic survey was carried out, and a collection of maps on the distribution of HIV/AIDS and its different DSS was elaborated through the use of a GIS. As a result, it can be indicated that the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Roraima was (314 cases / 100,000 inhab.), with 1,414 cases of HIV/AIDS being reported, 918 (65%) male cases and 496 (35%) female, in addition to 312 deaths in the period studied, the average mortality was 41 deaths / 100,000 inhab. In Honduras, 6,526 reported cases of HIV/AIDS were found, of which 3,678 (56%) were male and 2,848 (44%) female, with 1,120 deaths; all departments presented cases of HIV/AIDS, with an average Honduran prevalence of 73 cases / 100,000 inhab, which represents a lower risk for the population, if compared to the average in Roraima (162 cases / 100,000 inhab.). The estimated lethality rate in Roraima was 22%, and in Honduras 17%, stating a higher risk of dying from HIV/AIDS in Roraima. Brazil is positioned as a world reference in public policies for the treatment and prevention of HIV/AIDS, while Honduras has expanded its treatment policy, and both regions have special laws for the fulfillment of the rights and duties of People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV/AIDS). However, there is an urgent need to reduce underreporting, especially in Honduras, as well as to implement educational campaigns against stigma and fear of HIV/AIDS testing in both regions. Given the existing socio-political similarities between Roraima/Brazil and Honduras, it is recommended to establish a partnership for sharing technologies for the reduction of HIV/AIDS lethality.