Caracterização química e atividades biológicas do óleo essencial e extratos de Aristolochia sp (Aristolochiaceae)

Abstract

Essential oils and extracts of aromatic plants have different biological properties, such as the larvicide action, antioxidant, analgesic and anti-inflammatory, fungicidal and anti-tumor activity. Among the genus that have such properties, Aristolochia is one of them. Thus the aim of this study was to characterize the chemical composition of essential oil and biological activities of hexanic and ethanolic extracts and essential oil obtained from the root of Aristolochia sp. This plant is popularly known as vine-thousand-men and used to heal some kind of diseases such as stomach pain and anti-inflammatory. Therefore, we performed essential oil extraction by hydrodistillation technique, the obtained yield was 0.430% for the dry period and 0.216% in the rainy period, It was also obtained the hexanic and ethanolic extracts. Analysis by GC-MS, it was found the presence of 19 constituents being mostly sesquiterpene compounds. The major compounds were: myristicin (29,900%), borneol (16.989%), α-copaene (5.646%), selina-6-en-4-ol (9.729%) and (±) – cadinene (17.066%). For the phytochemical test with ethanol extract of Aristolochia sp, the result was positive for Tannin, flavanonóis, flavanones, terpenoids and steroids. The Aristolochia sp root extract did not show antioxidant activity, showing much higher EC50 values compared with the amount of Quercetin pattern. Hexane and ethanol extracts showed low toxicity against the toxicity of Artemia salina, as to the essential oil was not possible to calculate the LD50, as there was 100% mortality, and is considered toxic. The fungicidal activity performed with C. gloeosporioides fungus, with samples (ethanol extract and essential oil) proved to be inhibitory to mycelial growth, it may be recognized as microbioestático. With the results it is expected that this work can contribute to the study of this kind.