Caracterização e alteração na pedopaisagem decorrente do processo de ocupação na etnorregião do Alto São Marcos, Roraima

Abstract

The present research raises questions about the use and occupation of the soil showing that this occupation for long periods without an adequate management can cause irreversible socioenvironmental impacts to the landscape and socioeconomic impacts to the native communities. Thus, it addresses the theme of the use and occupation of indigenous lands, reflecting on the productive activities in the ethnoregion Terra Indígena São Marcos in the state of Roraima. In this sense, the research seeks to show that the practices that fostered the use and occupation within the São Marcos Indigenous Land influence the physical and chemical changes of the community's soils. In this context, to survey the survey data, the study aims to analyze the characteristics and changes of the soil in the use and occupation of the Indigenous Land in the upper São Marcos, contextualizing the historical and spatial use and occupation, identifying the physical properties -chemicals of the soils of the areas under use and management, compared with adjacent forests and to analyze changes in the ethnoregional landscape. For the study of the Alto São Marcos ethnoregion, an area was delimited and selected by satellite images 8 intended points, along the BR-174 towards Venezuela, with the objective of making soil collections and comparing the native forested areas to the fields according to of the impacts suffered on the physical-chemical characteristics, due to the performance of socioeconomic activities and soil management. To evaluate the chemical and physical variables, of different classes of soil, the summary of the soil variables is applied using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA), with the objective of reducing the dimensionality for a more compact representation for ordering the most accurate information. relevant. Therefore, it is important to bear in mind that the data obtained from this research, which will be carried out by a renowned federal educational institution, under the guidance of professionals specialized in the area, will provide legal and scientific support. Thus, after comparative laboratory analysis, research shows that the Alto São Marcos ethnoregion presents a soil with serious compromises for agricultural production. However, it is widely used with planted and native pastures and small pastures. Due to its limiting characteristics and weaknesses, the appropriate use for the shallower and stony soils is recommended to be used with family farming systems, with use of management and conservation, this will prevent losses by erosion and the protection of the springs found in it. Thus, for the improvement of its use and occupation, agricultural management is necessary, which depends on an evaluation of the problems and the study of solutions, for the rationalization of the use of these areas, where diverse practices of soil management can be adopted and the identification of areas with greater or lesser agricultural aptitude, bringing improvement in the quality of life for communities.