Utilização dos recursos naturais em práticas de cultivo por agricultores familiares na vicinal do Itã e PA-Cujubim, Caracaraí-RR

Abstract

The increase in food production is a major concern in the 21st century, and several nations no longer have easily accessible spaces for the expansion of their agricultural areas. Brazil has stood out as one of the largest exporters of food, and its agricultural expansion process has reached the northern region of the country, where most of the Brazilian Amazon forest is located. It is known that it has been the destination of several migratory flows since the Brazilian colonial period until recently, in the 1980s and 1990s, where these migrants developed various activities in order to guarantee their subsistence, bringing with them life experiences from other countries. regions of the country configuring diverse relations within the scope of nature-society. On the other hand, family farming appears with a significant degree of relevance, given its link with sustainability. In the context of the state of Roraima, activity has become an enterprise that has been helping to solve local problems of access to certain products, and complementing the extractive activities of several families. In the municipality of Caracaraí, south of the state of Roraima, there are several settlement projects, among which Itã and Cujubim, the object of study. The general objective of this work was to investigate the production relations, taken from the perspective of sustainability, developed by family farmers in the vicinities of Itã and Cujubim, in the Amazon. Using semi-structured interviews with open and closed questions, it was possible to obtain socioeconomic information on family production, but also on the daily lives of people in these communities, information on agricultural practices and details on the commercialization of cultivated products and extraction. The data were tabulated through “Microsoft Excel” with analysis linked to a bibliographic survey and secondary data on settlement and agriculture projects in Roraima. Agriculture, especially citrus, is still practiced in order to give priority to the family in the family unit. Brazil nut extraction, fishing and hunting are other activities developed by the interviewees. The main destination of the products is the headquarters of the municipalities Caracaraí and Boa Vista and the main commercialization channel is formed by the middlemen who look for the goods and the nut in the producers' lots.