Sistema integrado lavoura-pecuária-floresta como alternativa de subsistência e desenvolvimento sustentável dos povos indígenas da região do lavrado de Roraima

Abstract

This study aims to demonstrate the Integrated System of Cropland-Livestock-Forest (SILPF) as an alternative subsistence and sustainable development of the indigenous peoples of the Region of Lavrado de Roraima, based on the mapping of knowledge available in the databases of technical- scientists from the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) and from other sources of specialized consultations in Agrarian Sciences and Environmental Sciences available in various institutions and public and private agencies. In the mapping of information on the SILPF, a study was prepared by EMBRAPA (2016) on ILPF in Brazil in Numbers, a research from which it was possible to extract information relevant to the achievement of the objectives proposed in this study. The innovative aspect of this work is directly related to the proposal of adoption of SILPF in the lands of Roraima plowed by indigenous peoples of that region, since in Taiano Indigenous lands there is a predominance of traditional and subsistence agriculture.practically focused solely on the consumption of its inhabitants, with little use. The mapping of the ethnographic characteristics of the indigenous peoples of Roraima and the profile of the socioeconomic and socioenvironmental profile of the indigenous communities of the Lavrado Region of Roraima (Taiano Region) was carried out in the consultations bases of the National Indian Foundation (FUNAI) and the Socioenvironmental Institute (ISA), where it was possible to identify a survey carried out by this body on the characteristics of the socioeconomic and socioenvironmental profile of the indigenous peoples of Roraima. This study served as a basis for the characterization of socio-environmental aspects of the most important indigenous peoples of the Lavrado de Roraima, where the Anta, Boqueirão, Raimundão, Pium and Sucuba Indigenous Lands are located, predominantly of the Macuxi and Wapichana Indigenous Peoples. The approach of this study is qualitative. The results demonstrated in this study indicate that this technology can constitute an alternative subsistence and sustainable development of the indigenous peoples of the Region of Roraima, because it is a production system that presents several benefits and advantages for the cattle rancher: reduction of environmental impact and recovery of pastures as for the farmer: reduction of financial risk and increase of profitability per hectare. The results indicate that the adoption of this technology in this geographical area of Roraima represents new opportunities for the survival and generation of income, preservation of the environment and improvement of the quality of life of these traditional peoples, faced with a great food shortage.