Calogênese em anteras e diversidade genética de acessos de pimenta (Capsicum spp.) do banco de Germoplasma da Universidade Federal de Roraima com base em Marcador RAPD

Abstract

The objective of this work was to analyze the adrogenesis in two pepper accessions, accession 43- C. annuum and access 40- C. chinense, by the anther culture aiming to regenerate of haploids plants, to correlate the size of the bud with the development stadium of the of microspore and to evaluate the genetic diversity of 29 pepper accessions of Germoplasm of the Federal University of Roraima (UFRR) using RAPD markers. Floral buds differents sizes were collected and measured, they were then submitted to the squash technique of in 1% of ascetic orceín solution. Anthers of two pepper accessions had been inoculated in MS medium with the 2,4–D concentrations (0, 0,5, 1,0, 1,5 and 2,0 mg.L-1) induce haploids androgenesis. In the study of genetic diversity, the DNA of 29 pepper accessions was extracted and submitted to the amplification with 10 primers. The results showed that the macrospore development in anthers was not synchronous, since that was possible to observe the presence of differents development stadiums of in the same anther. With accession 43 (C. annuum) 80% of calogenesis was take using 2 mg.L-1 of 2.4-D, while in accession 40 (C. chinense) the formation of callus, using 1,5 mg.L-1 of 2.4-D, was 66,6%. The regeneration of embryos was not possible. The genetic diversity, the values of distance between pairs of individuals was, respectively minim and maxime, 0,05 the 1,00 (between the accesses 75 and 76). RAPD markers was not efficient in grouping the different species of Capsicum. The information taken in this study had as practical use for mapping of the pepper genome, as well as for the breeding programs. In the choice of the parents for populations mapping is needs evaluation of the polymorphism level between the parental.