Conservação da natureza em Roraima

Abstract

The core of the dissertation is public policy for nature conservation, focusing on regional conservation and particularly involving the understanding that we can have about conservation in Roraima. Three issues were intrinsically linked to the main focus: (i) characterization of protected areas in Roraima from the point of conservation view; (ii) zoning and spatial planning in the region; (iii) characterization of the parameters that define conservation units in Roraima. Each question, among the three, forms the chapters of the dissertation. The first chapter makes reference to the general historical processes on conservation, first general and after Brazil, with respect to its prevalent aspect (conservationist units) along with the ecological criteria used for the creation of these units. The ecological importance of roraima ecosystems is discussed. The second chapter is about zoning and regional political ordering for the use of natural resources. The importance of ecological-economic zoning for Roraima and how it is elaborated is also discussed. The third chapter describes, in the form of fact sheets, each federal (8), state (1), and municipal (1) Roraima’s conservation units, how they are individually characterized, how maintenance is carried out, whether it meets to the normative criteria of the agencies responsible for the management of the unit and map of the location. The rules for creating these units and how they are implemented and maintained are discussed too. The null hypothesis formulated states that the process of creation of conservation units in Roraima is essentially ecological and takes into account precepts and arguments of conservation biology, ethnodiversity and geography; the alternative hypothesis establishes that it is only formal. The ecological criteria are not adopted for the creation of conservation units, other aspects prevailing. The null hypothesis was rejected. Some arguments about the occupation of geographic spaces and political processes involved in the preservation of nature are illustrated through the conflictive dipole formed by environmentalists and developmentalists; no intention was observed between them for dialogues.