Avaliação química, físico-química e ensaios biológicos do óleo da polpa de Inajá (Maximiliana maripa (Aubl.) Drude) Arecaceae

Abstract

The inajá (Maximiliana maripa (Aubl.) Drude) is a palm tree, which belongs to the botanical family Arecaceae is found in Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad (Caribbean), Guyana, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Brazil. Both almond as the pulp of the fruit represent the raw material which can be consumed as food in its natural state, serving also for production of wines, juices and ice creams. It is important also for the cosmetics industry, soap industry and health products. It presents physical and chemical characteristics that enable their use as food energy as well as raw material oiliness character. This paper presents the chemical, physical-chemical and biological study M. maripa pulp oil naturally occurring in the state of Roraima and aimed to analyze the antioxidant activity by the DPPH reaction, analyze the profile of fatty acids by gas chromatography, determine the physicochemical properties RMN1H, to identify the main functional groups present, by infrared spectrophotometer, evaluate the biological activity of bacteria, test the inhibition of enzyme acetylcholinesterase and determined the acute toxicity on Artemia salina. The extracted pulp a light yellow colored oil in a yield of 44,20%. The oils used were obtained by extraction type Soxhlet with hexane. Analyses were performed on HP5890 Gas Chromatograph equipped with flame ionization detector, GC-FID. Ten saturated fatty acids (AGS) and unsaturated (AGI) were identified, the majority were AGI ω-9 (22,32%) ω-6 (4,72%) and ω-3 (3,95%) and the majority were AGS palmitic acid (20,76%) and myristic acid (20,48%). Physicochemical properties were calculated using RMN1H, showing that the oil inajá pulp presents physical and chemical characteristics that allow its use in both human and animal feed, an energy food, as well as raw material oil character. The IR spectroscopy revealed absorptions characteristic bands of triglycerides, such as a strong and intense band, referring to the C = O, in 1,732 cm-1, group of carboxylic acids. In antibacterial evaluation was used the antibacterial susceptibility testing (MIC), whose concentrations were 250; 125; 62.5; 31.3; 15.6;7.8; 3.9; 2 mg/mL. It observed 26% inhibition against Citrobacter freundii and 24% inhibition for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. While, there was 36% inhibition against Bacillus cereus and 39% inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes. In acetylcholinesterase test, the oil showed an inhibition of 63.76% was considered potent. In toxicity test on Artemia salina, determined an DL50 of 0.96 μg.mL-1. The results contributes new information to the literature and suggest future studies of chemical and biological prospecting this vegetal species for the purpose of developing products to human health.