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Análise geossistêmica para o planejamento territorial: bacia hidrográfica do Rio Cauamé-RR

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Análise geossistêmica para o planejamento territorial: bacia hidrográfica do Rio Cauamé-RR Autor(es): Marquina Vera, Jesús Jordán Primeiro Orientador: Tavares Júnior, Stélio Soares Abstract: The rapid growth of the global population represents a significant challenge for our planet. This demographic expansion, which translates into an incessant increase in the demand for resources, is generating a profound impact on natural landscapes, truly concerning for the future and environmental conservation of the planet. Societies in general, in the search for new spaces for development and the exploitation of new areas for colonization, with the indiscriminate use of natural resources (vegetation, soils, water, fauna, minerals, etc.), without clear strategies for proper use and management, are causing accelerated degradation and in some cases, the loss of these resources. The accelerate processes such as desertification, environmental warming, deforestation, pollution, and loss of biodiversity, among others, are causing serious problems for the future, not only for local populations but also on a global scale, with humans being the cause of all this. For these reasons, the proper use and management of all landscape units is important, and it is one of the concerns of governments and environmental scientists around the world. Sustainable development is the main objective of the United Nations (UN), framed within 17 priority goals, where the preservation and conservation of the environment is essential to achieve the targets in the coming years. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to conduct a geosystemic analysis for territorial planning in the Cauamé River Watershed, State of Roraima, Brazil, as the unit of analysis, at a semi-detailed scale, for the purposes of preservation and appropriate use of its natural resources. Formulating, as a hypothesis, whether the degradation of natural resources in the watershed is determined by changes in land use and economic activities, in contradiction to its geoecological fragilities and potentialities. In this work, the epistemological conception of geosystem theory and the GTP model were used. (Geosystem-Territory-Landscape). As a methodological proposal, four stages were made, each with specific procedures, applying techniques of Geoprocessing, Field Surveying, and Statistics. Starting with the spatial-temporal analysis of the landscape over a period of 32 years. Next, with the analysis of the physical-biotic spatial elements that make up this landscape, from the perspective of Geoecology, with its horizontal and vertical integration, we aim to define the geosystemic units that characterize it. Continuing with the socio-environmental diagnosis, applying the landscape naturalness index (Hemeroby Index), defining areas according to the degree of anthropogenic intervention that require specific territorial planning strategies. Finally, a cartographic model was created as a technical-academic proposal, reflecting the potential land uses based on their characteristics, potentialities, and geo ecological vulnerabilities, with strategies for the sustainable use of natural resources. This enables scientific institutions, public and private organizations to manage socio-economic activities and preservation efforts within the watershed, contributing in some way to achieving the sustainable development goals in this territorial unit. Editor: Universidade Federal de Roraima Tipo: Tese

Modelo de gestão e gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos para Instituições de Ensino Superior da Amazônia

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Modelo de gestão e gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos para Instituições de Ensino Superior da Amazônia Autor(es): Moura, Maria do Céu de Sena Primeiro Orientador: Ferko, Geórgia Patrícia da Silva Abstract: Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) play a fundamental role in promoting sustainable practices and in shaping environmentally conscious citizens. However, they still face significant challenges in solid waste management, especially in Amazonian contexts such as Boa Vista, Roraima. This study aimed to propose a solid waste management model for HEIs. The specific objectives were: a) to analyze the management practices and handling of solid waste at HEIs; b) to characterize the gravimetric composition of solid waste at the Paricarana, Cauamé, and Murupu campuses of the Federal University of Roraima; and c) to develop a solid waste management model tailored for HEIs. The research was conducted in three phases, employing a mixed-methods approach. In the first phase, waste management practices were assessed at three HEIs, two public and one private, through in-person interviews addressing five domains: recycling, organic waste treatment, reduction of paper and plastic use, inorganic waste management, and hazardous waste treatment. The HEI 2 achieved the highest overall performance (p=0.012), particularly excelling in recycling as the only institution to implement a selective collection program (score=150, p<0.001). None of the HEIs treated organic waste, and only the public institutions undertook administrative dematerialization. In the domains of inorganic and hazardous waste, HEI 2 and HEI 3 exhibited similar behaviors (score = 300), and all institutions outsourced hazardous waste collection. In the second phase, the quartering technique was applied to analyze waste composition. At the Paricarana Campus, organic matter predominated, especially in the university restaurant (median: 65.63%). The Cauamé Campus demonstrated proper segregation and disposal of organic waste from the restaurant, a practice not observed in other centers. Hazardous waste was found mixed with common waste at both Paricarana and Cauamé campi. At the Murupu Campus, pruning waste and organic matter prevailed, with composting potential yet to be explored. Per capita waste generation (~0.022 kg/person.day) and specific weight were homogeneous across campuses, with no statistically significant differences. All three campuses showed substantial amounts of recyclable waste being sent to landfills, despite their potential for selective collection. In the third phase, based on the diagnostic assessment, current legislation, and literature, the GERESI was developed. This is—a scalable model integrating environmental education, circular economy, source segregation, selective collection, and indicator-based evaluation. Statistical analysis employed k-means clustering and ANOVA to identify institutional patterns and support differentiated management strategies. Processes were modeled using BPMN 2.0, ensuring standardization and best practices. The findings reveal that the main weaknesses in solid waste management at the analyzed HEIs are linked to insufficient professional training and a lack of environmental education initiatives, as reflected in low institutional knowledge levels. There was a predominance of residual waste, low efficiency in recyclable segregation, and inadequate handling of hazardous waste, compromising legal compliance. The proposed model offers feasible, low-cost workflows and relevant indicators to enhance solid waste management at HEIs. Editor: Universidade Federal de Roraima Tipo: Tese

(In)sustentabilidade dos arranjos socioprodutivos da comunidade ribeirinha Vista Alegre no Baixo Rio Branco, Caracaraí, Roraima

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Título: (In)sustentabilidade dos arranjos socioprodutivos da comunidade ribeirinha Vista Alegre no Baixo Rio Branco, Caracaraí, Roraima Autor(es): Leal, Rubens Savaris Primeiro Orientador: Ferko, Geórgia Patrícia da Silva Abstract: Territorial sustainability in riverside communities is a complex challenge that involves the interaction of multiple factors, as territoriality is influenced by the relationship between artisanal fishing, subsistence agriculture, and the extraction of natural resources. Productive structures are essential to ensure the economic and social resilience of these communities, allowing for a balance between the exploitation of natural resources and environmental preservation, while articulating social, economic, and environmental dimensions. The aim of this study is to analyze the contribution of socioproductive arrangements to the territorial sustainability of the Riverside Community Vista Alegre (CRVA), located in the Lower Rio Branco region, in the municipality of Caracaraí, Roraima, in Northern Amazonia. The research adopted a qualitative and descriptive approach, based on documental and bibliographic review. The study examined the economic and social dynamics that shape these arrangements, community participation, the role of different local groups, and the challenges faced in ensuring the effectiveness of this model of productive organization, based on field missions and immersions conducted in the CRVA. Data collection and analysis were carried out through participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and questionnaires applied to 39 respondents. The results indicate that artisanal fishing remains the community’s main economic activity, being essential not only for food security but also for the preservation of cultural identity and riverside traditions. The first article showed that the presence of sport fishing tourism, when disconnected from local practices, has intensified socio-environmental conflicts, marginalized traditional knowledge, and favored external interests. The second article revealed that Community-Based Tourism (CBT) may represent a viable alternative for local economic sustainability, provided there is institutional support, appreciation for community initiatives, and respect for the territory's specificities. The third article pointed out that the socioproductive arrangements lack integration with effective public policies, which undermines their long-term sustainability. This chapter also highlighted the increasing participation of women in activities such as handicrafts, community organization, and cooperativism—representing progress in gender equity and strengthening the local economy. The intensification of external economic activities, the absence of effective regulations, and the lack of proper oversight are compromising the community’s sustainability and increasing conflicts and territorial inequalities. Furthermore, the research found that participatory governance remains limited in the region, which hampers the implementation of strategies that reconcile economic development with environmental conservation. The lack of integration between public policies, local actors, and the State creates a scenario of vulnerability for the riverside population studied. In short, the territorial sustainability of the CRVA depends on a set of strategies that involve the articulation of local actors, the strengthening of participatory governance, and the appreciation of traditional knowledge. The implementation of inclusive public policies, combined with proper regulation and monitoring of natural resource use, is urgent and necessary to foster innovation in socioproductive arrangements and ensure the continuity of the values, traditions, and way of life of this riverside population. Editor: Universidade Federal de Roraima Tipo: Tese

O efeito do luxo sobre a diversidade arbórea das praças na cidade de Boa Vista - RR

Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Título: O efeito do luxo sobre a diversidade arbórea das praças na cidade de Boa Vista - RR Autor(es): Lima, Gilneide Rodrigues Primeiro Orientador: Pequeno, Pedro Aurélio Costa Lima Abstract: Urbanization often causes conflicts between socioeconomic organization and biodiversity conservation in cities. Tree diversity within cities is important not only for its direct effects on the population, such as thermal comfort, but also for its indirect effects, for example through animals that use trees as habitats and carry out plant dispersal and/or pollination. A curious pattern was observed in some cities around the world and called the luxury effect, in which a greater diversity of plants was directly associated with richer neighborhoods. The luxury effect reflects environmental injustice, as the benefits associated with biodiversity are not shared equitably by society. However, most studies related to the luxury effect were developed in countries considered rich and in regions with temperate and/or arid climates. Therefore, it is still little known how the luxury effect works in countries with a tropical climate and great native biodiversity, such as Brazil. This is especially important in the case of public squares, which are under the direct control of the Executive Branch and, thus, can serve as an instrument to balance the population's access to biodiversity within the city. The effect of luxury can be modified when the relationship between socioeconomics and biodiversity is influenced by land use legacies, which modulate the species influenced by wealth as neighborhoods age. The history of land use is also especially important in urban landscapes because it can reflect the amplification of the luxury effect, when in fact, it reflects the distribution and composition of species introduced into the ecosystem over the years, transforming the luxury effect into the luxury effect. legacy. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to analyze the luxury effect to determine which factors affect tree-shrub diversity in public squares in Boa Vista, RR. Therefore, we evaluated how much the number of squares and the number of tree species per square in the neighborhoods of Boa Vista reflect the sales value (R$) of the square meter (m2) of the property area, including the possible effect of other factors: linear distance from the center (ground zero) of the city (km), area of the neighborhood (m2), size of the human population. The results showed positive relationships between the dependent variables “Number of public squares per neighborhood” and “Number of tree species per public square” and the predictor variables neighborhood area” and “linear distance from center.” The predictor variables “Human population” and “Value of m2 ” showed negative relationships for the dependent variables. Given the results, we refute the luxury effect and validate the legacy effect in the public squares of Boa Vista. However, the predominance of some tree/shrub species, cultivated (native to Brazil, but cultivated in Boa Vista) in public squares, particularly Moquilea tomentosa Benth., Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. ex DC.) Mattos and Cenostigma tocantinum Ducke., cause ecological changes in urban environments, distorting the landscape of a city in the extreme north of the Amazon. Editor: Universidade Federal de Roraima Tipo: Dissertação