http://repositorio.ufrr.br:8080/jspui/handle/prefix/91 2026-03-17T21:07:26Z 2026-03-17T21:07:26Z Souza, Edineide Cristina Alexandre de http://repositorio.ufrr.br:8080/jspui/handle/prefix/847 2024-04-29T13:46:21Z 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z

Título: Estudo químico e potencial biológico de mel e propólis de Scaptotrigona depilis Autor(es): Souza, Edineide Cristina Alexandre de Primeiro Orientador: Flach, Adriana Abstract: Products made by bees have always aroused interest, either for the therapeutic benefits or for the pleasant taste of honey as a culinary additive. Over the years, the application of these products became wider, in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and nutritionals, whose properties were better defined. Chemical characterization is a fundamental part of understanding their benefits and uses. In view of the above, this study aims to determine the chemical composition of honey subjected to different treatments, and of the propolis produced by Scaptotrigona depilis. For the study of the composition of propolis, samples were collected in colonies of S. depilis, created in the meiponário of Embrapa Meio Ambiente, in Jaguariúna-SP, from which extracts were prepared with 70% ethyl alcohol (EEP70) and cereal alcohol (EPAC ). Extracts were analyzed by LC-ESI-MS/MS. In natura propolis was also subjected to the extraction of volatiles by hydrodistillation, which were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In addition, assays were performed to determine the antimicrobial activity against pathogens of clinical interest. Regarding honey, treatments were carried out: pasteurization, dehumidification, refrigeration and maturation for 180 days. Fresh honey as well as treated honeys were extracted from honey volatiles by headspace technique in dynamic mode, using Porapak-Q with nitrogen gas flow, the extracted compounds were characterized by GC-MS. Phenolics were quantified by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and flavonoids with aluminum chloride, in addition, the antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH free radical scavenging method of the treated and in natura honeys. Sensory analysis tests were also carried out, through the analysis of ordering-preference and acceptance using the hedonic ladder, with untrained tasters. The volatile constituents present in propolis belong to the class of esquiterpenes. In the propolis extracts, the chromatographic profiles showed that the EEP70 extract presents a greater number of signals. After data analysis in appropriate software, through ensemble analysis using the Venn diagram, a greater quantity of unique chemical entities was observed in EEP70. Through Molecular Networking (MN) it was possible to suggest the presence of different classes of compounds, in which the most representative were terpenes with errors below 5 ppm. The ethanolic extracts of captotrigona depilis propolis showed antimicrobial activity against Echerichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The analyzes of honey volatiles suggest different profiles after treatment over 180 days. The phenolic content did not change significantly over the period of analysis, and consequently its antioxidant activity did not change either. The sensory analysis showed that only the attributes color, flavor and overall appearance showed significant differences between matured and in natura honey and, despite this, the greatest preference is for in natura honey. The study is an important contribution to research with products made by this species of bee and may support the regulation and standardization of the processing of honey from stingless bees. Editor: Universidade Federal de Roraima Tipo: Tese

2022-01-01T00:00:00Z Figueirêdo, Fernando Luiz http://repositorio.ufrr.br:8080/jspui/handle/prefix/660 2024-04-29T13:52:06Z 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z

Título: Bioecologia do ácaro-hindustânico-dos-citros (Schizotetranychus hindustanicus) em laranja e do ácaro-branco (Polyphagotarsonemus latus) em mamoeiro em Roraima, Brasil Autor(es): Figueirêdo, Fernando Luiz Primeiro Orientador: Fidelis, Elisângela Gomes Abstract: The cirus and papaya are the main perennial fruit trees produced in Brazil, especially in the state of Roraima. Among the most important pests affecting the culture of citrus in Roraima, Schizotetranychus hindustanicus is highlighted; among the most important pests affecting the culture of papaya Polyphagotarsonemus latus. Despite the great infestations and damages caused by these mites-pest, there is no bioecological information about these species supporting programs of integrated management of these mites in the state of Roraima. Studies to understand the population dynamics of pests in loco are very important to design strategies of integrated management of them, allowing the producer to take actions when the pests are less favored by environment conditions, increasing the chances of control. Thus, the objective of this work is to determine geographical distribution of Schizotetranychus hindustanicus, its population dynamics and the propensity of site of attack on the plant, in an orchard of orange and the population dynamics of Polyphagotarsonemus latus in an orchard of papaya, in Caracaraí, to prospect natural enemies for biological control and to suggest actions of management of these mites-pest in Roraima. For this, the thesis was divided in three chapters, the first one discusses the geographical distribution of S. hindustanicus and associated mites in Roraima, the second and the third chapters discuss the population dynamics of S. hindustanicus e de P. latus, respectively. A survey for detection of S. hindustanicus and potential natural enemies was accomplished in August and September 2015, in the fifteen cities of Roraima. Schizotetranychus Hindustanicus was found in all the fifteen of the state of Roraima. The predatory mites from the family Phytoseiideae: Amblyseiusaerialis (Muma), Iphiseiodeszuluagai Denmark & Muma e Euseiusconcordis (Chant) were the predators most abundant on the survey and they are the potential agents of biological control of S. hindustanicus. The population dynamics of S. hindustanicus was accomplished in an orchard of orange during the period from June 2016 to December 2018 in the municipality of Caracaraí, Roraima. The biggest densities of S. hindustanicus occured in the periods of smaller rainfalls. There was no difference among the density of egg in the different quadrants, strata and position of leaves on the branch, in the plant and the density in the whole plant. Thus, the sample of mites may be carried out in any position on the plant. Predatory mites Amblyseius (Phytoseiidae) were found during the research. The population dynamics of Polyphagotarsonemus latus was analyzed in a culture of papaya, in the city of Caracaraí-RR from the Februray 2016 to August 2017. Only 12 papaya plants were observed with symptoms of the attack of P. latus and of other pests. It is supposed to be related to the fact the experiment was located in a recently open area in the middle of a woodland which might have worked as a natural barrier against the pests. The main predator associated to P. latus is Amblyseius (Acari: Phytoseiidae). These results may be used as basis for the best management of Schizotetranychus hindustanicus and Polyphagotarsonemus latus in the cultures of orange and papaya in Roraima. Studies with the natural enemies observed are necessary to assess the efficiency on the biological control of these pests. Editor: Universidade Federal de Roraima Tipo: Tese

2020-01-01T00:00:00Z Rodriguez, Carlos Abanto http://repositorio.ufrr.br:8080/jspui/handle/prefix/659 2024-04-29T13:48:02Z 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z

Título: Determinação do coeficiente de cultura (Kc) para o manejo da água e domesticação do Camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia (Kunth McVaugh) em terra firme Autor(es): Rodriguez, Carlos Abanto Primeiro Orientador: Chagas, Pollyana Cardoso Abstract: Camu-camu is a genetic resource in the Amazon with great potential for use due to its nutraceutical properties, however, as it is a culture in the process of domestication techniques that assist in ex situ adaptation, must be eveloped. In this sense, the objective was to determine the crop coefficient (Kc) for water management and domestication of camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) McVaugh) on uplands, both by the methods of lysimetry and by indirect measurement of humidity in final field; in the first, drainage lysimeters were used and in the second, calibrated soil moisture sensors (10HS®) were used. For both methods, 6 camu-camu plants were used, each with 2, 4 and 6 years of age with similar characteristics in height, leaf area, stem diameter and number of basal and terminal branches. Soon, in a plant of each age, a vegetable mulch (VM) composed of remains of Trachypogon plumosus grass was placed in the area of influence of the crown in order to determine the effects on water consumption with and without VM. To determine Kc, it was necessary to calculate ETo by the Penman-Monteith/FAO method, and ETc by the water balance in the lysimeters and in the final field. After two years of evaluations (June 2017 to June 2019) it was possible to obtain water consumption in plants with 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 years, because, chronologically, they reached another year of age. The Kc determined with both methods showed similar values up to 6 years of age with and without VM. On the contrary, in plants with 7 years it was observed that the values determined in the lysimeters were superior to those verified with 10HS® sensors, because the size of the lysimeter was not big enough to support the development of the root system of the plants of 7 years of age. For this reason, the Kc of plants with VM up to 6 years of age can be used as a reference in both methods, but for the seventh year of maximum fruiting onwards, the Kc obtained by the second method studied with VM is recommended. Editor: Universidade Federal de Roraima Tipo: Tese

2020-01-01T00:00:00Z Urquiza, Marcelle Alencar http://repositorio.ufrr.br:8080/jspui/handle/prefix/658 2023-07-12T15:32:54Z 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z

Título: Dinâmica espacial da cobertura do solo e carbono orgânico em região florestal ecotonal do Norte Amazônico Autor(es): Urquiza, Marcelle Alencar Primeiro Orientador: Melo, Valdinar Ferreira Abstract: Integrated studies on the landscape have sought to contemplate the heterogeneity of factors and processes to the analysis of the rhythm, form and direction in which anthropic features are established due to the change of use and land cover. The complexity in determining the response variables and the poorly detailed scale in which mappings of natural resources in the Amazon region are produced have been a major constraint to models that seek to represent the dynamics of land use change in small regions. The objective of this study was to model the evolution of the landscape and a prediction scenario for year 2047 of a forest environment with open savannas and campinarana formations in the central part of Roraima, northern Amazonia, investigating the hypothesis that changes in the use of land occurred between 1984 and 2017 determined changes in soil organic carbon stocks. Seven land use classes were quantified and spatialized, and transitional matrices, at 10-year intervals, identified the pace and magnitude of landscape anthropization. The conversion of forested and ecotoneous areas by agricultural activity was evidenced and, added to the recurrent regime of fire, especially in high altitude forests, revealed that deforestation and land transitions for non-conservation uses did not lead to good productivity farming practices, but favored impoverished and degraded subsistence, whose main reason is the inadequacy of family agriculture to the acid / dystrophic soils destined to the settlements, the timid presence of technology. For the modeling of organic carbon stocks in the soil, the Random Forest algorithm, 141 pedological, climatic predictors and data derived from remote sensors, with the 30 most important variables being predicted. Prediction maps of COT stocks and statistics were evaluated for four layers up to the first 0.3 m of soil, with spatial resolution of 30 m, and COT stocks were estimated for different land uses and geoenvironments. The results showed that areas of strong undulating forest and candidates for organic carbon sinks in the region are being particularly impacted by fire and erosion, making them less resilient to environmental disturbances. Three anthropogenic processes relevant to land use changes were modeled in the Land Change Modeler (LCM) through binary logistic regression with fit indexes of the satisfactory models. Transition potecncials maps and change trends were produced, and a prognosis scenario for the year 2047 for each of the anthropic processes was generated using the Markov Chains. The highest losses (17%) were estimated for the forested areas until 2047, in the absence of environmental governance actions. Approximately 3.1 Tg of Carbon (25.3%) were lost considering the estimated COT stock in 2017 and the remaining areas of the main uses in 1984, confirming the hypothesis established for the study. In general, the "cattle-raising" and the primitive management of the lands in this Amazonian environment, left as a legacy the precarious subsistence of small producers, who still experience the misadventures of agricultural colonization projects conducted in the past, in addition to the inestimable losses to the local biodiversity. Editor: Universidade Federal de Roraima Tipo: Tese

2018-01-01T00:00:00Z